Understanding Gastric/Stomach Cancer
- Carrie Everett, former Miss North Carolina, was diagnosed in July 2025 with a rare and aggressive gastric cancer called signet ring cell carcinoma.
- Despite her diagnosis, she reflected on a transformative year filled with pageant wins, public appearances, volunteer work, and personal milestones.
- Everett’s treatment journey has consisted of chemotherapy treatments, and she’s garnered significant support from her community, and stays determined and optimistic throughout her fight
- Gastric cancer, or stomach cancer, arises from the cells lining the stomach, an organ integral to the digestive process. This type of cancer is characterized by its aggressive nature and a tendency to be diagnosed in advanced stages, which poses treatment challenges.
- Because stomach cancer is often diagnosed in later stages, it is important to be aware of symptoms, such as indigestion, heartburn, appetite changes, weight loss, abdominal pain and discomfort, nausea and early satiety, swelling in the abdomen, weakness, and fatigue.
Shortly after giving up her pageant title, Everett began experiencing bloating and coughing up blood. A checkup with her doctor ultimately led to an X-ray, CT scan, and biopsy—bringing her to a diagnosis in July 2025.
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Alongside Instagram selfies showing her short hair, Everett reflected on a busy and fulfilling year: she won the Talent portion at Miss America, visited Universal Studios, performed at the National Cathedral, volunteered regularly, celebrated her 21st birthday at Chuck E. Cheese, worked as a public speaker, host, and MC, read to children, modeled, performed in numerous venues, and took part in news interviews, parades, and hospital visits.
She also had the opportunity to meet North Carolina Supreme Court justices, take the stage at a Flo Rida concert, go on a helicopter ride, explore plenty of shopping spots, and take a salsa dancing class.
Everett also recounted performing the National Anthem at a commencement ceremony, spending time with a variety of animals, attending dinners and galas, finishing another year at her HBCU, practicing hitting a baseball, participating in various photoshoots, and getting diagnosed with metastatic gastric cancer.
“2026, I’m living like Romans 12:12, ‘rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation, continuing steadfastly in prayer,'” she concluded.
Expert Gastric/Stomach Cancer Resources
- Current Progress on Early Detection of Gastric Cancer
- Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer: Everything You Need To Know
- Advanced Gastric Cancer: The Importance of a Diagnostic Laparoscopy
- Endoscopic Resection for Gastric Cancer: An Advanced Treatment Offering Hope
- Genetic Testing for Gastric Cancer: What to Know & What to Ask Your Doctor
- Immunotherapy for Gastric Cancer — You May Be Eligible But There are Considerations
- Initial Workup and Staging Strategy For Gastric Cancer
- Surgery for Gastric Cancer: What You Need to Know
- Systemic Treatments for Advanced Gastric Cancer: Eligibility is Not the Whole Story
- The Staging System for Gastric Cancer — Finding the Right Treatment Plan
Offering insight into her cancer journey to ABC 11 last year, from her home in Auburn, Washington, Everett said, “I initially knew something was wrong. I don’t get very sick very often.
“I started to experience bloating almost instantly. I was coughing. I went to the doctor, and they said I had pneumonia. They initially said there was nothing wrong with my stomach.”
About a week later, after she began coughing up blood, prompted further tests to be conducted. A CT scan revealed masses in her pelvis, which were later diagnosed as cancer.
Everett’s chemotherapy treatment inspired a tremendous outpouring of community support, with a GoFundMe campaign raising over $65,000 on her behalf.
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The GoFundMe page noted how Everett was undergoing chemo and “other treatments,” but more insight into her battle are unclear.
“There have been many radical changes made to her lifestyle. We are now raising funds because her primary caregiver (our mother) will not be able to work adequate hours during this time,” the GoFundMe reads.
An October 2025 update read, “She has been responding to her treatment. Miraculously, the tumors in her body have shrunk significantly since she started chemo.
“Carrie has been able to continue her care from home and it has been really special seeing her be able to move around again. Some days are harder than others, and the battle is far from over but we are grateful for your continued support through this journey please continue to pray for her and share this fundraiser so that we can help Carrie beat cancer. Thank you.”

What Is Gastric/Stomach Cancer?
Gastric cancer, also called stomach cancer, originates in the stomach. The most common type of stomach cancer is adenocarcinoma, which begins in the stomach’s inner lining.
Doctors can use advanced endoscopic techniques — a thin, lighted tube with a tiny camera — that is inserted into the body through the mouth and views the throat, esophagus, stomach, and more. If patients manage to catch stomach cancer early, treatment is much easier to endure.
WATCH: Understanding stomach cancer risk factors
Symptoms for stomach cancer vary depending on how advanced the cancer is. For early-stage stomach cancer, symptoms may include:
- Bloating after eating
- Indigestion and upset stomach
- Nausea
- Loss of appetite
Symptoms for more advanced stomach cancer may include:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Stomach pain
- Bloody stool
- Vomiting
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Difficulty swallowing
While experiencing any of these symptoms does not always mean stomach cancer, if you find yourself dealing with these issues more frequently, contact your doctor for some follow-up tests.
WATCH: How is stomach cancer staged?
“If a physician is suspecting stomach cancer … one of the first simple tests to do is blood work,” Dr. Sofya Pintova, a gastrointestinal medical oncologist at Mount Sinai Cancer Center in New York City, tells SurvivorNet.
“In the blood work, we are looking for several specific things. We’re looking at the organ function, such as liver function and kidney function, but we’re also looking at the level of the red blood cells in the blood. So, if the level of red blood cells is low, that is called anemia. And when someone has a new anemia that cannot be explained for other reasons, obvious reasons like a recent bleeding from the nose for example or other type of bleeding, then that warrants an evaluation by a gastroenterologist,” she adds.
Patients may also present with signs or symptoms of distant metastatic (spread) disease. The most common sites of metastatic disease are the liver, the peritoneal surfaces, and the lymph nodes.
Besides blood exams to evaluate anemia, nutritional status, and overall biochemistry, the most important exam is the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
“If a cancer is found in the stomach, the next step for us as oncologists or surgeons would be staging. And what staging means is we ask ourselves: is the tumor, the cancer still confined only to the stomach or has it spread to other organs,” Dr. Pintova explains. “So, several tests that we usually do to identify that are what’s called radiology tests or imaging that could take the form of computerized tomography scans, PET scans, sometimes MRIs.”
Treating Stomach Cancer
Surgery is often the most critical part of the treatment process for gastric cancer, especially in cases where the disease is localized and has not spread extensively beyond the stomach.
The goal of surgery is to remove the cancer, along with part or all of the stomach, depending on how much the cancer has spread. Surgeons aim to ensure that no cancer cells are left behind, which gives patients the best chance at long-term survival.
RELATED: Surgery for Gastric Cancer: What You Need to Know
WATCH: When is chemo given before surgery?
For patients whose cancer is at an earlier stage, surgery can often be curative. Surgery may still be an option even for patients with more advanced cancer.
Systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy, may also be used. Eligibility for these treatment approaches will depend on several factors, such as the stage of the cancer, the patient’s general health, and the results of biomarker testing.
Stomach cancer patients who are eligible for chemotherapy may receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which means chemo before surgery. This approach aims to shrink the tumor and improve the chances that it can be completely removed during surgery. By targeting the cancer cells beforehand, the treatment may help make surgery more effective and reduce the risk of cancer returning.
RELATED: What are the Treatment Options for Advanced Gastric Cancer?
“We notice that it’s easier for patients to receive chemotherapy before surgery [rather than after]. So some cancer centers around the U.S. try to offer more chemotherapy before surgery,” Dr. Alan Lima Pereira, a medical oncologist at Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida, tells SurvivorNet.
The neoadjuvant chemotherapy may involve getting chemo every other week four to six times before surgery, followed by additional chemotherapy after surgery.
RELATED: How to Deal With the Side Effects of Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy can cause side effects, including fatigue, nausea, and hair loss. However, these side effects can often be managed.
The side effects experienced from these two chemo approaches varied slightly:
- FLOT Regimen: Patients experienced higher rates of certain side effects like low white blood cell counts (which can increase infection risk), diarrhea, infections, and numbness or tingling in hands and feet.
- Standard Therapy (epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil – ECF): Patients had higher rates of nausea, vomiting, and blood clots.
Staging Gastric/Stomach Cancer
After a cancer diagnosis, the next essential step is determining the stage of the disease. Patients in different stages will present differently, have different treatment paths, and different prognoses. Staging is crucial because it allows for a tailored approach to treatment, ensuring that care is personalized to each patient’s specific needs rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.
This individualized treatment plan can significantly impact outcomes, leading to more effective therapies and improved quality of life.
“If cancer is found in the stomach, the next step for us as oncologists or surgeons … would be staging. What staging means is we ask ourselves is the tumor, the cancer, still confined only to the stomach or has it spread to other organs?” Dr. Sofia Pintova, a Gastrointestinal Medical Oncologist at Mount Sinai in New York City, tells SurvivorNet.
Clinical Staging — What Does TNM Mean?
Ideally, your oncologist should introduce the staging system and its importance early on in your cancer journey so that the results of early testing do not feel confusing or overwhelming to you and your family. Essentially, tests will be done to determine the patient’s TNM stage. Which tests depends on the patient and how their disease is presenting.
“Several tests that we usually do to identify [the disease stage] are what’s called radiology tests or imaging that could take the form of CT scans, PET scans, sometimes MRIs, whichever one is appropriate for an individual situation,” Dr. Pintova explains.
The TNM system, in the context of gastric cancer, stands for:
- T (Tumor): This indicates how deeply the tumor has invaded the layers of the stomach wall. Stages range from T0 to T4, with higher numbers representing deeper infiltration into the stomach layers. When needed, the “T stage” is best assessed with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), which provides detailed images of these layers.
- N (Nodes): This stage reflects whether the cancer has spread to nearby (regional) lymph nodes. It ranges from N0 to N3, where higher values indicate more lymph nodes involved. A CT scan can help identify suspicious lymph nodes, hinting at potential cancer spread.
- M (Metastasis): This indicates whether cancer has spread to distant parts of the body. M0 means no distant metastasis, while M1 means there are metastases. A CT scan is often used to determine this aspect of staging.
After the TNM categories are established, the next step is to determine the clinical TNM stage, usually abbreviated as cTNM. The various possible combinations among these letters (i.e., T1N2M0, T1N1M0, and so on) will be translated into stages ranging from Stage 0 to Stage IVB, providing a clearer overview of the cancer’s extent.
Tailoring Treatment Accordingly
A precise diagnosis and accurate staging are essential before considering any targeted therapy for gastric cancer. Staging is crucial because it reveals how far the cancer has spread, helping doctors choose the most effective treatment. For this reason, staging should be completed as early as possible, as it forms the foundation for a well-informed, personalized treatment plan. Below, explains how treatment can vary according to the tumor’s stage.
Patients With Loco-regional Disease (Stage I to III)
For patients with loco-regional gastric cancer (stages I to III), there is potential for a cure, especially if they are healthy enough for surgery. If the cancer has invaded deeper layers of the stomach (stage T2 or higher) or if there’s a strong indication that nearby lymph nodes are involved, it’s important to consult a multidisciplinary team, or a care team that includes a variety of different specialists.
This team will work together to recommend the best treatment plan, which may involve going directly to surgery or starting with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy to improve the chances of success. This approach ensures that each patient receives the most effective treatment for their specific situation.
“Gastric cancer is a disease that’s commonly treated with chemotherapy. We know that for patients with very early stage disease that we call T1a or potentially T1b, meaning that there’s a small tumor that hasn’t really invaded through the gastric mucosa, the muscle layer, we can cut those out without needing surgery as long as there are no high risk features that we see when we review the surgical specimen of pathology,” Dr. Nicholas Hornstein, a Medical Oncologist at Northwell Cancer Institute in Manhattan, tells SurvivorNet.
Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer
For patients with advanced gastric cancer that cannot be surgically removed or is classified as Stage IV, treatment generally focuses on improving quality of life and managing symptoms. This approach is known as palliative therapy, which is tailored based on each patient’s symptoms and overall health. Research shows that systemic treatments (like chemotherapy) can help extend survival and improve quality of life for these patients.
In some cases, about 5% of gastric cancers, the cancer invades a large portion of the stomach wall, causing it to become rigid and thickened—a condition known as linitis plastica. Unfortunately, linitis plastica has a very poor outlook, and many surgeons consider it a reason not to pursue surgery aimed at curing the disease, even if other factors might allow for surgery. In these situations, the focus remains on treatments that best support the patient’s well-being and comfort.
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
If you’ve been diagnosed with stomach cancer and are feeling confused about your diagnosis, consider asking your doctor the following questions.
- What stage is my gastric cancer?
- Should I receive chemotherapy before surgery? Why?
- What are the potential side effects of chemotherapy?
- How can I manage the side effects?
- What are the risks and benefits of combining chemotherapy with surgery vs. surgery alone?
- How long will my treatment last?
Contributing: SurvivorNet Staff
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